The History of Indian Water Conservation: Traditions, Innovations and Modern Relevance

Abstract

Water conservation in India is not a recent phenomenon but a practice deeply embedded in the subcontinent’s history, spanning over five millennia. From the sophisticated urban planning of the Indus Valley Civilization to the intricate stepwells of medieval India and the community-driven systems of the modern era, India has developed a rich tapestry of water management techniques. This paper explores the historical evolution of water conservation in India, highlighting traditional methods, their cultural significance, and their relevance in addressing contemporary water scarcity challenges. It also critically examines the socio-political and environmental factors that have influenced these practices over time and their potential in shaping sustainable water policies today.