Determination of the Phytochemical, Bioactive Constituents and Antibacterial Activity of Dialium Guineense Stem Extract Against Pseudomonas Aeruginosa and Staphylococcus Aureus Using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)

Abstract

This study investigates the bioactive compounds in Dialium guineense stem extract and its effects on Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. Fresh stems were collected from Enugu South LGA, Enugu State, washed, air-dried, pulverized, and extracted with ethanol using a Soxhlet extractor. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, tannins, phenol, reducing sugar, quinone, and steroids. High-Performance Liquid Chromatography identified key bioactive compounds, including Lunamarin (76.3193 mg/ml), Ribalinidine (64.0834 mg/ml), Gallocatechin (48.5752 mg/ml), Resveratrol (11.3824 mg/ml), and Flavones (33.4475 mg/ml), known for antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties. Antimicrobial testing using the Agar Well Diffusion method showed moderate activity, with inhibition zones of 9.4 mm for P. aeruginosa and 5.5 mm for S. aureus at 200 mg/ml. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) was 6.25 mg/ml for S. aureus and 12.5 mg/ml for P. aeruginosa, indicating greater sensitivity of gram-positive bacteria. While the extract exhibits potential as a natural antimicrobial agent, its moderate potency at lower concentrations suggests the need for higher doses, especially against gram-negative bacteria.