A Proposed Design of Slope Protection Using Biaxial Geogrids to Mitigate Soil Erosion at Sapang Balen Creek, Calulut, City of San Fernando, Pampanga

Abstract

This study addresses the ongoing issue of soil erosion and slope protection failure along Sapang Balen Creek in Barangay Calulut, City of San Fernando, Pampanga. It proposes a reinforced slope protection system using biaxial geogrids in combination with concrete structures. A multidisciplinary approach was employed, incorporating community surveys, hydrologic and hydraulic modeling (HEC-HMS and HEC-RAS), and geotechnical simulations (GEO5). Survey responses from 100 residents revealed high awareness of erosion-related problems, especially among long-term dwellers, but also highlighted limited community engagement and perceived inconsistency in government response. Hydrologic and hydraulic analysis modeled 50- and 100-year storm events, determining critical flood parameters such as discharge rates, channel capacity, and flow velocity. The proposed design met all safety criteria, including stability against sliding, overturning, and internal failure. GEO5 simulations confirmed the structure's strong performance and compliance with geotechnical standards. The findings support the use of geogrid-reinforced systems as a sustainable and effective solution to mitigate creekbank erosion and enhance long-term resilience in vulnerable areas.