Smart Automatic Transfer Switch: ESP32-Based Power Changeover System with Android Monitoring and Real-Time Data Logging for Residential Power Systems

Abstract

Dependable and efficient power management is essential for energy conservation, especially in areas susceptible to power interruptions. This study presents the design and implementation of an Android-based microcontroller-controlled automatic power switching system aimed at enhancing energy supply and facilitating smart automation in residential and small commercial structures. The suggested approach automatically transfers the load from the primary source to a secondary backup source, thereby eliminating the time delay and difficulty associated with manual switching. The system consists of a regulated power supply unit, a voltage measurement circuit, a microcontroller-based control unit with a relay driver module, a real-time clock (RTC), A DS3231 real-time clock time-stamps every event, forming the backbone of the system's data logging function, the integration of IoT technology for cloud monitoring; the incorporation of GSM connections for remote access; and Android mobile application used for remote monitoring and system operation. The MCU serves as the system's central processing unit (CPU) to accurately and swiftly detect power failures and provide seamless transitions between power sources. The next design element is the processing core, TSR, which is a crucial part of the overall system design. Improved control over system performance and administration can be attained through heightened contact between the monitoring system and the user via mobile phones and PCs. The application must enhance user experience and interface by enabling real-time monitoring and remote control of the system, ensuring usability and system accessibility. The system's functional description was delineated through a circuit and block diagram, as well as a process flowchart, to encompass all tiers of the functional architecture. The system's performance was empirically validated under various operational situations. The findings indicate that the system's response to power interruption is rapid, the load transfer is seamless and devoid of considerable delay, and the communication link between the mobile application and the system remains stable. The intended system design will ensure a cost-effective, highly reliable, and user-friendly. It also performs data logging while promoting energy efficient, intelligent, and responsive usage.