Prevalence and Risk Factors in Developing Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus after Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Its Distribution among ABO Blood Groups

Abstract

The prevalence of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has recently been elevated due to lifestyle changes and other factors. T2DM is linked to the prevalence of different associated conditions, one of which is gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). GDM is a common condition of expectant mothers, defined as glucose intolerance, noted to be a predictor of the development of T2DM after pregnancy. In numerous studies regarding GDM, ABO blood groups and other risk factors are being investigated for its correlation in the development of T2DM. In this study, the researchers determined the prevalence and risk factors of T2DM as well as its distribution among ABO blood groups in mothers with a history of GDM in Metro Manila, Philippines. The researchers collected data from mothers within the inclusion criteria using an online survey with a quantitative, non-experimental, cross-sectional approach and non-probability purposive sampling to obtain results. The statistical measures utilized were computation of BMI, Means and Standard Deviations of BMI, One-Way Analysis of Variance of the BMI, prevalence equation, odds ratio, and multivariate logistic regression. The results showed that 49.01% or almost half of the participants that had GDM have developed T2DM. Participants with the B phenotype are discovered to be more likely to develop T2DM, especially those with family history of diabetes and high cholesterol. It is also reported that even with high physical activity, mothers with GDM are still at risk for development of T2DM.